Insurance Law Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Protection Law - Dissertation Example For sure in the present situation of vulnerabilities and dangers, both inside and outside the home, protection in different zones of business and individual area has progressively become basic piece of improved way of life (Ward, 2000). Be that as it may, curiously, while the idea of protection is comparable the configuration of protection, particularly the measures of system and guideline of protection contrasts altogether in Islamic nations like Saudi Arabia and western nations like UK. In the ongoing occasions, Islamic protection has quickly risen as one of the most famous and furthermore a profoundly successful technique to lessen budgetary danger of the people and the legislature all in all (Anderson, 1976; Habshi and Othman, 1997; Ahmad, 1972). To be sure, the development and infiltration of Islamic protection over the non Islamic nations has been viewed as a positive pattern in the protection division. The paper would in this manner, be concentrating on the inquiry with respec t to for what reason ought to there be improvement of Islamic protection in Saudi Arabia and UK? Which means of Islamic Insurance Islamic protection is fundamentally guided by Shariah or Islamic laws that restrict business dependent on dishonest practices. Different results of protection are emphatically impacted by Shariah rules that preclude increase through methods like betting, vulnerabilities or intrigue pay (Mortuza, 1989; Ismail, 1997,98). Vulnerabilities are associated with disaster protection as the result is obscure at the hour of going into contract and could shift. Betting alludes to pick up of riches under some characterized conditions and premium pay is unscrupulous as it isn't award against difficult work (Maysami, 1998; Sharif, 1997; Siddiqui, 1971). Therefore, new idea of protection developed under ‘Takaful’ that worked inside the areas of Islamic laws. Islamic laws in a general sense depend on evenhanded appropriation of riches. Takaful depends on the moral practices and is liberated from betting, vulnerabilities and intrigue salary (Ahmad, 2009: Anwar, 2008; and Saleh, 1986). It comprehensively alludes to commitments made by people to be utilized in the midst of emergency or need. Instead of people, the family all in all turns into the principle recipient. Stagg-Massey (2007) express that Takaful has been taken from ‘kafal’ which is an Arabic word that implies promising one another and dealing with each other’s needs. Subsequently, Takaful is an agreeable component that advances reasonable practice and spreads the dangers and diminishes money related misfortune endured by a person inside the gathering. Requirement for Islamic protection in Saudi Arabia and UK Middle East and African countries have falled behind in protection essentially in light of the limitations forced by religion and the pervasive destitution of the district. The advancement procedures and development have become significant ideal models t hat require protection inclusion. After 1970s, the revelation of oil and gases in the Gulf locale has changed the economy of the district. The enormous interest in the framework and fast development in worldwide exchange has prodded the requirement for protection among the working and non working populace of the oil rich nations. Takaful not just encourages the poor to get by with poise under agonizing conditions yet additionally energizes moral practices that are reasonable and defended (SAMA). Saudi Arabia being a main Islamic country is in this way ethically bound to advance Takaful. In western nations like UK, protection has quick changed into significant industry that is propelled by personal stakes of making benefit by misusing the

Crime Scene Essay

In a sorted out bit by bit approach â€Å"Scene Documentation† is one of the phases in the best possible handling of a wrongdoing scene. The conclusive outcomes of an appropriately archived wrongdoing scene are the capacity of others to take the completed item to use in either reproducing the scene or the chain of occasions in an occurrence and our court introduction. In recording the scene there are really three capacities or techniques used to appropriately report the wrongdoing scene. Those strategies comprise of composed notes which will at last be utilized in building a last report, wrongdoing scene photos, and a graph or sketch. Consistency between every one of these capacities is principal. Every technique is significant during the time spent appropriately archiving the wrongdoing scene. The notes and reports ought to be done in a sequential request and ought to incorporate no feelings, no examination, or any ends; only the realities. The wrongdoing scene specialist or proof recuperation expert should record what they see, not what they think. The last report should recount to an illustrative and accurate story. A general portrayal of the wrongdoing scene ought to be given similarly as the examiner sees it when she does the underlying stroll through of the scene. Every office or organization has a technique which they use will for composed documentation of the wrongdoing scene. There specialist or expert ought to follow her areas of expertise relegated strategies for composed documentation. The significance of sharing data can never be over-looked. This article is proposed to share thoughts in the zone of uniform documentation for instance of the organization that is utilized by my specialization. We utilize an account area of the report isolated it into five classifications. The classes are the synopsis, the scene including a nitty gritty body depiction if in a demise examination, handling, and proof gathered, and the pending that might be gathered at another date or time. The rundown would to fundamentally give the subtleties of how he was started into the examination. For a model: â€Å"At the solicitation of Robbery Detective H. Granier, this author was mentioned to react to help with handling the location of a furnished theft including 4 obscure covered subjects. Criminologist H. Granier’s primer examination uncovered that the subjects frightened the casualty as she got back from shopping†. For additional subtleties of this examination allude to Detective H. Granier. Our synopsis is brief and does exclude a ton of the said informationâ (http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/inaccessible/) The specialist in control ought to acquire the accompanying for the wrongdoing scene case document: 1. Beginning reacting official documentation. 2. Crisis clinical work force archives. 3. Section and leave documentation. 4. Photos and any recordings. 5. Wrongdoing scene outlines and charts. 6. Proof documentation. 7. Other responders’ documentation. 8. Record of assent structure or court order. 9. Criminal record verification Reports, for example, measurable or specialized reports ought to be added to this document when they become accessible. This will guarantee that reports and other documentation relating to the wrongdoing scene examination are gathered into a case record by the agent accountable for the wrongdoing scene and take into consideration free audit of the work directed. In the scene segment of the story we should give an itemized depiction of the scene as it is observed when we approach the zone. The scene depiction as a rule incorporates whatever is surprising and strange. Any climate or condition conditions are likewise included. Again this is a depiction of what we see, not what we think. The proof that ought to watch is: its area, the condition, or anything about the thing will be remembered for our scene depiction segment. This would likewise relate to any recognizable proof markers used to number or name the things of proof. These comments would all be reliable with any numbers, letters, or marks demonstrated in the photos, or brought into a sketch of the scene (http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/inaccessible/). The handling area is for our units to portray what we did, if help was required during the preparing stages, who we had helping, and what capacities they did. The proof assortment area is to sort out what proof we and others helping had the option to recuperate from the wrongdoing scene, where the things were recouped from, and what part of the lab the things wereâ directed to for investigation. Criminal History A Criminal History Summary regularly alluded to as a criminal history record or a â€Å"rap sheet† is a posting of certain data taken from unique finger impression entries held by the FBI regarding captures and, in certain occasions, government business, naturalization, or military assistance. In the event that no Criminal History Summary on record, the agent will get a reaction showing that the individual has no earlier capture information on document. In the event that the individual has a criminal history Summary on record, you will get your summary†. Pending Section The pending segment would be for any known errands that would should be finished sometime in the not too distant future or time in the examination. What is gone in to the Department? 1. A composed report 2. Wrongdoing scene photos 3. Wrongdoing scene sketch Wrongdoing Scene Example Final Report: Introductory Information: Casualty Name: Episode Address: Episode Date: Episode Time: Offense Report Date: Casualty Information: Casualty Name: Casualty Address: Stature: Weight: Eye Color: Hair Color: Scars: Tattoos: Other: NCIC #: Clinical Examiner/Medical Summary: Clinical Examiner/Agency: Wounds: Reason for Death: Way of Death: Wrongdoing Scene Summary: Compose an account about the wrongdoing scene. This is a synopsis of what you saw at the scene. You don't make speculation or reach inferences. Proof Log Summary: Proof Number: Depiction Note: Attach Completed Evidence Collection Log as far as possible of this report. Picture Inventory: Picture Number Portrayal Ends: Make inferences dependent on the proof accumulated. Be as finished as could reasonably be expected. Note: This rundown is restricted to wrongdoing scene documentation. This ought not be viewed as a thorough rundown of the archives associated with an insightful case taking everything into account, the conclusive outcomes of an appropriately recorded wrongdoing scene are the capacity of others to take the completed item to use in either reproducing the scene or the chain of occasions in an occurrence and our court introduction.

5 Ways to Cleanse Your Mind and Body

5 Ways to Cleanse Your Mind and Body February 15, 2020 Dougal Waters/Digital Vision/Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Holistic Health Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships Our minds and bodies are constantly processing food, drink, thoughts, and emotions. In our 100 miles-per-minute world, we can easily feel overwhelmed. Try taking some time regularly for yourself. Here are five tips on how to create a spa day at home: 1. Take a Technology Break Make it a low-tech day. Keep your television, computer, cellphone and other electronics  turned off.Go for a walk in the park. Find a quiet place and try meditation techniques with step-by-step instructions.Attend a yoga class in your neighborhood.Stretch at home.Get a skipping rope. 2. Try Tongue Scraping Start your day by gently scraping your tongue (dont worry, it doesnt hurt!). In Ayurveda  (a form of alternative medicine practiced in India), tongue coating is called ama and reflects metabolic debris. Tongue scrapers can be purchased in a drug store or health food store for a few dollars. They are used to clean the tongue. 3. Take Care of Your Body Instructions on how to do a Dry Brush Exfoliation. Learn how to take a contrast shower, which some alternative practitioners recommend  to boost circulation and energy.?? Step-by-step instructions on Contrast Showers. 4. Cleanse Your Body Make sure you are getting enough water.A cold weather cleansing tea is ginger tea with the juice of a lemon wedge.If you are a coffee drinker, switch to green tea for your detox day.Learn how to make an alkaline vegetable broth for improved enzyme and cellular metabolism and general cleansing and detox. 5. Cleanse Your Mind On your cleansing day, try to take steps to free yourself from the past events  that continue to bother you. Start a personal ritual, such as writing a letter (you dont have to send it!) to get out your feelings. Or buy a beautiful journal to give yourself a regular outlet for all your emotions, regrets, and worries. Dont push these emotions away. Harness them and move on as a smarter person.

Essay on Religious Syncretism and its Consequences in...

Religious Syncretism and its Consequences in Mayan Society When Spaniards first set foot on Mesoamerican shores in the early sixteenth century, they encountered not the godless mass of natives they believed they found, but a people whose rich spiritual traditions shaped and sustained them for thousands of years. These diverse spiritual practices legitimized nearly every aspect of Mesoamerican daily life, from science and architecture to art and politics (Carmack 295), in many of the same ways Catholicism did in Spain. The collision of these cultures in the Great Encounter and the resulting Spanish colonial state mixed not solely two different peoples—Indian and Spanish—but thousands of variants: elites and slaves, peasant farmers and†¦show more content†¦To the native people, Christianity appeared to be primarily a set of practices, many of which resembled their traditional practices of prayer, offerings, processions, dramas, fasting, and the use of sacred imag es (Carmack 166). In Mayan areas, cofradà ­as became a central part of Christianity in the New World. Cofradà ­as—religious societies instituted and overseen by the Catholic Church and dedicated to a particular saint—were intended to facilitate the Indians’ integration into the Church and to serve as a mechanism for the collection of revenues from the indigenous population (Carlsen 93). The spiritual leap to acceptance of saint societies was not a great one. Each Mesoamerican town or city already worshipped a patron god; with the introduction of Catholicism, the indigenous peoples merely traded one icon for another (Fash). As Church leaders became increasingly dependent on the funds generated by the cofradà ­as as a major source of income, Mayan leaders recognized the bartering power they held and used it to gain a degree of autonomy in their worship practices (Carlsen 94). This tacit agreement allowed Mayans to include their own deities in their flourishing idol worship, and many of these practices remain in place today as such figures continue to line the wal ls and altars of many parishes. In Santiago Atitlà ¡n, for example, a stone image of Aklax (or San Nicolà ¡s), the patron deity of aj’kuna and associated withShow MoreRelatedThe Mayan People2269 Words   |  9 Pagesreligion is a consequence of hundreds of years’ symbiosis with Roman Catholicism (Cook Offit 32). Considering the pre-Spanish antecedents of the Maya religion, it emerges that the traditional religion was already there for over 2000 years in the form of a distinct phenomenon. Currently, the religion exhibits interaction and coexistence with syncretism of pan-Maya which is a tradition’s re-invention by Christianity and the movement of Pan-Maya (Cook Offit 32). Indeed, several Mayan religion’s aspects

Ethics Ethics And Integrity - 2348 Words

The paper imposes with the importance of ethics and integrity in current policing. It explains the foundation for structure of professional moral obligations, briefly depicts the indispensable core of applied ethics and describes the process of moral reasoning to give you a better appreciation of the expectations and ethical issues covering all law enforcement officers. It then defines police ethics,This paper will discus how everyday decisions influence the law officers life, in addition to those of the community. Hero’s sacrificing their lives to â€Å"Protect and Serve†. Ethics, also know as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy concerned with the study of questions of right and wrong and how we ought to live. Ethics involves making moral judgements about what is right and wrong, good or bad. Right and wrong are qualities or moral judgements we assign in action and conduct. Ethics proves us with a way to make more choices when we are uncertain about what do in a situation involving moral issues. Ethics in policing is a branch of applied standardizing, ethics. The most well-known sections of applied ethics include medical and business ethics. The tie between ‘theory’ and ‘practice’ is what differentiates applied ethics from philosophical ethics. Applied ethics is the field that holds ethical theory accountable to practice and professional practice accountable to theory. Consequently, philosophers shouldn’t to professionals and the mean that are supposed to overseeShow MoreRelatedEssay Ethics and Integrity1219 Words   |  5 PagesReflective Essay # 2: Integrity Article Integrity: Without It Nothing Works I have learned a great deal about the difference between integrity, morality, and ethics. From the article, the term integrity means that it is â€Å"a matter of a person’s word—nothing more and nothing less†. It is important that one should know the difference between integrity, morality, and ethics. I learned that integrity is more on the commitment a person makes and keeps to fulfill what he/she said he would do. I feelRead MoreEthics And Integrity Of Enron769 Words   |  4 PagesMost companies pride themselves on their business model and ethics to help make them successful. Ethics and Integrity are two things all companies should practice and promote. When Enron was first developed that is what they set out to do, but things quickly took a turn for the worst. The name Enron is now synonymous with fraud, in one of the biggest Wall Street scandals in history. In 1985 Enron was conceived by two gas companies merging together in Houston, TX. The company began to boom in theRead MoreThe Ethics Of Academic Integrity1149 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast Ethics Research Articles Ethics are the principals that build an individual’s character and integrity. It is the code of conduct that a person lives by; it is the way that a person conducts themselves when no one is around. Stealing, lying, and cheating are wrong, yet every day in the workplace these issues occur. Growing competition lends to the need for people to do what they can to get ahead and stay ahead. Ethics are pushed to the side as people try to gain power or toRead MoreAccounts: Ethics and Integrity685 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Accounts ethics Integrity is a quality that is characterized by reliability, honesty and fairness that has been developed in relationships over time. It is a concept where there is consistency in actions, principles, measures, values, outcomes, expectations and methods used. Professional integrity is very important when it comes to personal credibility as well as professional success when it comes to the world of business. Integrity will enable someone to build relationships that are effectiveRead MoreThe Integrity And Ethics Of The Leadership1265 Words   |  6 Pages1. According to Steve Arneson from the website Examiner.com, there are eight most important competencies in the leadership. First, the integrity and ethics: the truth has to be told and it is important in management to do the right thing. Then, visioning and strategy are very important and as a leader, the manager has to know where he wants to go with his team and develop a good strategy to reach it; furthermore, leader has to be focu s on results. A manager needs also a good judgment, be a greatRead MoreThe Ethics Of Academic Integrity1225 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic integrity continues to be an important issue of public concern especially in higher education institutions. There are countless articles that report students cheating on examinations, plagiarizing written assignments, and collaborating with others when such behavior is prohibited. Conversely, there are reports of viable honor systems that have been implemented in schools that make such unethical behavior less pervasive. Both of these extremes, beg the question whether an honor code, suchRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Integrity Objection1336 Words   |  6 Pages The Integrity Objection is a counter-argument to consequentialism first proposed by Bernard Williams in 1973. It problematizes consequentialist moral philosophy on the grounds that it forces an agent to forfeit their ‘integrity’ – their character and personal values †“ in order to follow an impartial moral calculus. When an agent performs an action which is morally correct according to a consequentialist calculation, they may experience guilt, sadness, or other negative emotions despite the moralRead MoreCriminal Justice: Ethics and Integrity676 Words   |  3 PagesEthics and integrity are important to a police chief or county sheriff in a number of ways. First, ethics and integrity assist a police chief or a county sheriff to recruit the best officers who can work in their departments. It is only through application of the principles of ethics and integrity that a police chief or a county sheriff can identify these qualities in the potential applicants, and use them in the recruitment process. Second, ethics and integrity are important to a police chief orRead MoreAcademic Ethics And Academic Integrity Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesAcademic ethics are the moral codes or the shared standards of an academic enterprise and the core of its s uccess (Occidental College, 2016). Basically, academic ethics require each student, to be honest, responsible, fair, respectful, give credit where it is due, turn in their original work, and etc. (Michigan State University, n.d.). Academic integrity requires students to do their own work without unauthorized help from others, cheating, lying, plagiarizing, and stealing (Valdosta State UniversityRead MoreLeadership, Ethics, Integrity And Civility754 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership, Ethics, Integrity and Civility Keer Fan The George Washington University I agree with what the videos say that ethical leaders have both individual as well as organizational responsibilities. As to individual responsibility, if an ethical leader acts ethically, he will inspirit other people to follow him as an example. If leaders act unethically, subordinates will copy these unethical actions. The videos show that personal examples set by firm leaders is the single factor that has the

Semantics The Power of Language Free Essays

string(111) " English borrowed the word delicatessen from the German language and then clipped it to the Americanized deli\." Language is a phenomenon which allows human beings to interact in a meaningful way with one another.   Language began as a rudimentary system of hieroglyphics and has evolved into a highly complex system of the spoken and written word.   As language in both spoken and written form has developed, so has man’s understanding of it. We will write a custom essay sample on Semantics: The Power of Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now    This understanding of both words and sentences has evolved along with the language itself and with the people who use it to create meaning. Word formation has occurred throughout time through several processes.   Words were developed initially through other languages, through etymology and then progressed into the formation of new words altogether, which can occur through a variety of means.   Next, words are arranged into sentences which carry both literal and implied meanings which can be based upon sounds and even the previous knowledge of those conversing.   In many ways, word economy has resulted by adopting new words from existing words or from portions of existing words in an effort to simplify language. The process of economized words, which are words formed from existing words which then become commonly understood words in the language, is a major way in which the words of the language are formed.   Coinage is a process of inventing completely new words from a source which seems to embody its meaning. One way in which this occurs is to create the word kleenex from the brand name of Kleenex (instead of tissue) and xerox as a verb after the Xerox brand of copy machines.   Furthermore, eponyms can be created from individuals’ names such as to hoover from Hoover who invented the vacuum cleaner and the concept of the sandwich from the Earl of Sandwich (Yule, 2006). Another process of economizing words is called blending.   Blending occurs when the beginning of one word is combined with the ending of another word.   This new word then enters the language as an original word.   For example, a blended word for the product of gasoline made with alcohol is gasohol.   The meal which is a combination of breakfast and lunch has become represented with the word brunch.   Of course, this process can occur with the beginnings of two words as well.   The word modem is a blend of modulator and demodulator, and the new concept of Spanglish is the blending of English and Spanish (Yule, 2006), made even more popular by a recent motion picture of the same name. By blending words together, the meaning from the original words is already intact.   Thus, the meaning of the resulting word does not have to be suddenly relearned.   The meaning already exists because the words already exist.   In this way, the economy of the English language is maintained without the need for learning new definitions and uses. A third process of word economy is referred to as clipping.   With this process, a longer word is reduced to a shortened form of itself. This shortened from, like blending, carries the same meaning as its original.   The only difference is the shortened form of the word.   For example, the word facsimile, with its proliferation of used, has become shortened in modern language to the word fax.   Likewise, the word condo represents its initial longer form of condominium. Words that are reduced to a single syllable and then joined with an –ie or –y are a type of this process known as hypocorism.   Words like movie for moving picture, bookie for bookmaker and hankie for handkerchief are examples of this type of word economy (Yule, 2006).   This type of word economy is popular in England, where the word television has even been shortened to the popular, telly. As the process of word economy develops, some words are backformed.   Backforming is a type of word economy because it uses the same root of a word to convert it into a different part of speech.   One basic word root becomes the basis for two or even three words.   This process takes a form of a word and reduces it to another form. For example a noun can be reduced to a verb.   From the word television, a noun, comes the verb televise.   The verb babysit was derived from babysitter.   Basically, in English, words that end in –er comprise the noun forms while the same word minus the –er make up the verbs.   An example is worker to work or player to play (Yule, 2006).   This particular backformation becomes a pattern in language, thus repeating itself over and over with new words without any additional units of meaning. This change itself is known as the process of conversion.   This process changing verb phrases into nouns and vice versa.   For example, if a secretary is ordered to print out a form, the resultant form is known as a printout.   If a company wants to take over another, they initiate a takeover. This can happen in the other direction as well a dirty room can be converted into the verb to dirty, as in â€Å"the boy dirtied the room.†Ã‚   It can even occur from adjectives as well.   A person who is in a ballpark often, such as a player, may become a ballpark figure.   Thus a noun becomes an adjective (Yule, 2006). Again, it is easier to learn, understand and use a language if the meanings can be used in multiple situations. Anther popular method of creating words is through the use of acronyms.   These are word forms that result from the initial letters of a set of words.   A CD is the acronym for a compact disk.   A PIN is a personal identification number.   These words are constantly added as the result of different jargon such as that of business, international relations and education (Yule, 2006).   For example, NASA, INTEL, and RAM are specific to particular industries and would not exist if it were not for those industries. Finally, some words are created by combining two or more of the above techniques.   For example, English borrowed the word delicatessen from the German language and then clipped it to the Americanized deli. You read "Semantics: The Power of Language" in category "Essay examples"   The words snow and ball were compounded into the noun snowball and then converted to the verb – to snowball.   Adding the suffix –ish to the acronym formed from White Anglo Saxon Protestant results as WASPish (Yule, 2006).   All of these words now become an integral part of the language which people widely understand and use as part of their daily language. Beyond the mere creation, usage and understanding of words is the combination of words into sentences.   Many argue that words themselves would not be meaningful without the construct of a sentence to give it basic background.   Individuals generally communicate through sentences which are basically formed with a subject, verb, and a complete thought, as students are taught throughout school.   Thus, forming words into syntactical patterns and creating a context in which they are used is vital to understanding both written and spoken communication today. However, many linguists also argue that conversation can be understood in its reduced form based upon certain inherent techniques.   This enables individuals to understand conversation that is not composed of perfectly constructed sentences.   In this way, a person can understand a word as a sentence because they already understand the context of the meaning in which the word was spoken (Palmer, 1981).   Thus, sentences, too can be economized just as words can. Fragments of sentences that are closely linked in meaning can be combined in such a way that some parts of the sentence is omitted.   This is known as an elliptical formation.   One way that this happens is through analyzing both the surface structure and the deep structure of meaning.   The surface structure is a literal meaning of the sentence, while the deep structure is the figurative, implied, abstract meaning of the communication itself which may depend on former knowledge by the partners (Palmer, 1981). Both structures are necessary to understand communication, but the deep structure may help the individual differentiate between various meanings in context. The two types of language features that are inherent in this process are prosodic and paralinguistic features.   Prosodic features deal with actual sounds of the language such as tone, stress, volume, rhythm etc.   Paralinguistic features include the visuals of language, such as the speaker’s facial expressions, gestures, etc (Palmer, 1981).   Thus, both the way the communication sounds and the visual cues of the speaker can contribute to a fuller understanding. Tone and stress is used by speakers to indicate which part of the sentence is to be given the most emphasis. This emphasis indicates the most important information of the system.   Speech acts can serve a variety of functions even while the same sentence is being uttered.   These purposes can be warnings, threats, promises, pleas, etc. and can change the meaning of any sentence.   Sentences can be insinuations which carry some inherent truthfulness in them.   The sentence/question â€Å"Do you still beat your wife?† insinuates that the subject has at one time been a wife-beater, which suggests an accusation which the speaker intends for the listeners to realize (Palmer, 1981). Other meanings are based on the relationships between the individuals.   Some conversation is meaningless and carries no specific information.   Other sentence meanings can be derived simply from its grammatical structure.   Finally, sentence meaning can be based on how the sentence is said.   Ultimately, the sentence that is truth-conditional is not concerned with grammar but with the meaning of the proposition of the sentence.   Is it based in truth or not?   For example, if someone is cited directly, that is considered more truthful than if he is cited indirectly, even though both may not be formally proven within the context of the particular sentence (Palmer, 1981).   Ultimately, the ambiguities of language and the situations in which it exists, create the problems of interpretation which depend upon so much more than the mere words. The spoken language is far more complex than the written language.   Palmer (1981) gives four ways in which this is true.   First, human beings spoke long before they wrote.   Second, a child learns spoken language far earlier than he learns how to write.   Third, human beings speak for more during their daily lives than they write.   Finally, writing can be converted to speech without much loss; however, this process cannot happen the other way around (Palmer, 1981). The tone and stress of words was mentioned earlier as a way to decipher emphasis in spoken communication.   Combined with pitch, or the rise and fall of words, people can gain even more meaning from the exchange.   If a particular word of syllable is accented, the listened gains a particular set of meanings which may be different if another word or syllable is accented.   This information unit (this tone group of pitch, accent, etc) counts more to the listener in terms of understanding the meaning than does the simple grammatical components of the sentence (Palmer, 1981). Rises in pitch are concerned with certain types of meanings, like indecision or questions, while falls in pitch are more concerned with statements.   Likewise, certain emotions can be expressed through intonation as well.   These meanings may vary from language to language (Palmer, 1981). The topic and comment of an utterance represents these differences.   The topic is basically the main informational unit of the sentence while the comment is the opinion or emotion attached to it.   These two units may, generally, be distinguishable from one another (Palmer, 1981). Word order is one way in which these distinctions are made.   The word at the beginning of the sentence generally indicates the topic of the sentence.   Manipulation of word order can indicate the topic and its emphasis (comment).   The example give in Palmer (1981) is â€Å"The man over there I do not like very much.†Ã‚   Similarly, new information in a sentence is usually given more toward the end of the sentence and is accompanied by a rise in pitch (Palmer, 1981). Thus the ordering of the words and the rise and fall of their pitch can give indication to the meaning. Other utterances are less a function of giving new information and more a function of naming an action.   These actions can be explicit, which literally name the act, and implicit, which do not.   Certain presuppositions are contained within implicit actions.   These actions may not be obviously named, but they are known because the listener is familiar with the context of the utterance.  Ã‚   This presupposition can be contained in other remarks as well, such as â€Å"John drank another beer,† which implies he has had at least one drink.   The author asserts that it is difficult to make a distinction between what is explicitly stated and what is presupposed (Palmer, 1981). Finally, implications may be even more far removed from the explicit meaning of the words.   For example, if a person makes a statement â€Å"It’s hot in here,† he may be actually implying that he would like someone to turn on the air conditioner.   The conversation is reduced in that the individual does not have to fill in the intermediate information for the listener (Palmer, 1981).   A question of â€Å"Did you take out the garbage?† may be followed by â€Å"It isn’t Thursday† would have no meaning to anyone who didn’t know that the garbage man comes on Thursday.   However, a married couple would have the perfect understanding of this exchange because of their shared context. Spoken English and written English are composed of words, which have been produced from a variety of sources and through a variety of processes.   In addition, these words are arranged in such a way as to give them the power of meaning in context.   While written conversation is more in tune with grammatical constructions, spoken language also carries the nuances of tone, stress, pitch, volume and even implicit meanings.   Thus, meaning can be derived from words, sentences, sound and visual cues and even an implicit understanding of context. Word economy has created more words from current words while preserving the meanings.   This reduces the need for new words to be invented and aids in the process of understanding.   In addition, the same concept can be applied to sentences.   The original grammatical meaning of the sentence can be expressed by sound and visual cues from the speaker in many different ways.   As a result, the meanings may be multiple while the actual words that make up the sentence remain the same.   Clearly, the evolution of both written and spoken language is a dynamic force that will continue for all time. References Palmer, Frank R. Semantics. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1981. Yule, George. The Study of Language. 3rd ed. Cambridge : Cambridge UP, 2006. How to cite Semantics: The Power of Language, Essay examples

William Shakespeaer Essays - Shakespearean Tragedies,

William Shakespeaer William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was a great English playwright, dramatist and poet who lived during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest playwright of all time. No other writer's plays have been produced so many times or read so widely in so many countries as his. Shakespeare was born to middle class parents. His father, John, was a Stratford businessman. He was a glove maker who owned a leather shop. John Shakespeare was a well-known and respected man in the town. He held several important local governmental positions. William Shakespeare's mother was Mary Arden. Though she was the daughter of a local farmer, she was related to a wealthy family. Mary Arden and John Shakespeare were married in 1557. William Shakespeare was born in Stratford in 1564. He was one of eight children. The Shakespeare's were well-respected prominent people. When William Shakespeare was about seven years old, he probably began attending the Stratford Grammar School with other boys of his social class. Students went to school year round attending school for nine hours a day. The teachers were strict disciplinarians. Though Shakespeare spent long hours at school, his boyhood was probably fascinating. Stratford was a lively town and during holidays, it was known to put on pageants and many popular shows. It also held several large fairs during the year. Stratford was an exciting place to live. Stratford also had fields and woods surrounding it giving William the opportunity to hunt and trap small game. The River Avon, which ran through the town, allowed him to fish also. Shakespeare's' poems and plays show his love of nature and rural life which reflects his childhood. On November 28, 1582, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway of the neighboring village of Shottery. She was twenty-six, and he was only eighteen at the time. They had three children. Susana was their first and then they had twins, Hamnet and Judith. Hamnet, Shakespeare's son, died in 1596. In 1607, his daughter Susana got married. Shakespeare's other daughter, Judith, got married in 1616. In London, Shakespeare's career took off. It is believed that he may have become well known in London theatrical life by 1592. By that time, he had joined one of the city's repertory theater companies. These companies were made up of a permanent cast of actors who presented different plays week after week. The companies were commercial organizations that depended on admission from their audience. Scholars know that Shakespeare belonged to one of the most popular acting companies in London called The Lord Chamberlain's Men. Shakespeare was a leading member of the group from 1594 for the rest of his career. 1594 had produced at least six of Shakespeare's plays. During Shakespeare's life, there were two monarchs who ruled England. They were Henry the eighth and Elizabeth the first. Both were impressed with Shakespeare which made his name known. There is evidence that he was a member of a traveling theater group, and a schoolmaster. In 1594, he became an actor and playwright for Lord Chamberlain's Men. In 1599, he became a part owner of the prosperous Globe Theater. He also was a part owner of the Blackfriars Theater as of 1609. Shakespeare retired to Stratford in 1613 where he wrote many of his excellent plays. There are many reasons as to why William Shakespeare is so famous. He is generally considered to be both the greatest dramatist the world has ever known as well as the finest poet who has written in the English language. Many reasons can be given for Shakespeare's enormous appeal. His fame basically is from his great understanding of human nature. He was able to find universal human qualities and put them in a dramatic situation creating characters that are timeless. Yet he had the ability to create characters that are highly individual human beings. Their struggles in life are universal. Sometimes they are successful and sometimes their lives are full of pain, suffering, and failure. In addition to his realistic view of human nature, Shakespeare had a vast knowledge of a variety of subjects. These subjects include music, law, Bible, stage, art, politics, history, hunting, and sports. Shakespeare had a tremendous influence on culture and literature throughout the world. He